| Microprocessor | Microcontroller |
| Functionality | Performs general-purpose computing tasks | Executes specific tasks and controls external devices |
| Architecture | Complex architecture | Simplified architecture optimized for specific tasks |
| Integration | Requires external components | Integrates CPU, memory, and peripherals on a chip |
| Memory | External memory components required | On-chip memory (program memory and data memory) |
| I/O Interfaces | External controllers required | On-chip I/O ports, timers, and other peripherals |
| Complexity | Higher complexity | Lower complexity |
| Instruction Set | Wide range of instruction sets available | Reduced instruction set |
| Application | General-purpose computing | Embedded systems, control applications, IoT devices |
| Examples | Personal computers, servers, consumer electronics | Home appliances, automotive systems, IoT devices |
